In a move that has sparked controversy and concern among digital rights advocates, Apple recently removed numerous virtual private network (VPN) apps from its App Store in Russia. This action, reportedly taken at the request of Russia’s state communications watchdog Roskomnadzor, marks a significant escalation in the Kremlin’s efforts to control internet access within its borders.

According to reports from Russian news media, Apple complied with a request to remove the mobile apps of 25 VPN service providers on July 4, 2024. Among the affected VPNs were prominent names such as Hidemy.name VPN, Le VPN, NordVPN, PIA VPN, Planet VPN, Proton VPN, and Red Shield VPN. Notably, NordVPN had previously ceased operations in Russia in 2019 by shutting down its Russian servers.

The removal was carried out under the provisions of Article 15.1 of Russia’s Federal Law “On Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection.” This law allows authorities to restrict access to websites and online services deemed to violate Russian regulations or threaten national security. As a result, the VPN services have been added to Russia’s “Unified register” of internet resources prohibited for public distribution.

In response to Apple’s compliance with the request, VPN providers and digital rights advocates have criticized the move as enabling authoritarian control over digital freedoms. Red Shield VPN condemned Apple’s actions, accusing the company of prioritizing financial interests over human rights. “Apple’s actions, motivated by a desire to retain revenue from the Russian market, actively support an authoritarian regime,” Red Shield VPN stated in a strongly worded statement.

Similarly, Le VPN, one of the affected services, expressed dismay over the takedown, noting that its app was removed even before receiving an official notice from Roskomnadzor. Le VPN highlighted that the move underscores Roskomnadzor’s broader campaign to tighten control over internet access and content in Russia, particularly in the wake of ongoing geopolitical tensions.

In defiance of the crackdown, some VPN providers are exploring alternative methods to ensure users can still access their services. Le VPN, for instance, has launched a new initiative called Le VPN Give, which allows users to connect to their servers using third-party open-source software and obfuscated VPN connections. This initiative aims to circumvent the restrictions imposed by Roskomnadzor and provide users with continued access to secure internet browsing.

The removal of VPN apps from the Russian App Store adds to a series of censorship measures implemented by the Kremlin since the onset of the Russo-Ukrainian war in February 2022. These measures have included the blocking of several media outlets and social media platforms, including Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter, under the guise of maintaining national security and stability.

As digital rights continue to face mounting challenges globally, the removal of VPN apps from the Russian App Store serves as a stark reminder of the complex interplay between technology companies, national regulations, and the fundamental rights of internet users. It underscores the ongoing debate over the responsibilities of tech giants like Apple in safeguarding digital freedoms in increasingly authoritarian contexts.

For users and advocates alike, the incident highlights the importance of supporting tools and technologies that protect online privacy and freedom of expression, even in the face of governmental pressure and regulatory crackdowns.

Impact on Cybersecurity

Beyond the implications for digital rights, the removal of VPN apps also raises concerns about cybersecurity in Russia. VPNs are crucial tools for ensuring secure and private internet connections, particularly in environments where online activities may be monitored or restricted. With fewer options available to Russian users, there are fears that individuals seeking to protect their privacy and security online may face heightened risks.

The evolving landscape of internet governance in Russia underscores the need for continued vigilance and advocacy in support of digital rights and freedoms worldwide. As governments and technology companies navigate these challenges, the decisions made today will shape the future of online privacy and access for years to come.